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"Whenever animals are impressed into the service of man, every one of us should be mindful of the toil we are exacting. We cannot stand idly by and see animals subjected to unnecessary harshness or deliberate mistreatment. We cannot say it is not our business to interfere. On the contrary, it is our duty to intervene in the animal's behalf." - Albert Schweitzer |
Animal Psychology
Coming Soon....
Anthropology
Anthropik Network - The Anthropik Network is a closely-knit network of websites including a weblog, forums, and this wiki, The Anthropik Cyclopaedia. Other affiliated sites include Michael Godesky's comic, Mizanthropik. All sites on the Anthropik Network are maintained by the Tribe of Anthropik.The Tribe of Anthropik is a small, loosely-defined group with ambitions of forming a functional hunter-gatherer tribe in the future. These ambitions are still in their formative stages, making the Tribe of Anthropik at this point in time primarily a philosophically and politically inclined social circle in Pittsburgh, PA (USA).
Anthropology Human Origins - This course is designed to introduce you to the fields of physical anthropology and archaeology, the subdisciplines of anthropology concerned with the study of human origins and human evolution. The scope of this course is very broad, spanning over ten million years and covering prehistoric developments on all parts of the earth.
Anthropology in the News - Links to news stories published on the web by ABC, CNN, The New York Times, USA Today, Washington Post, Nando, Archaeology, university press releases and other sources. Some services require that you register and select a password in order to retrieve articles, but none of the services listed here charge a fee to retrieve these news stories.
AnthroNet - Anthro.Net is dedicated to the study of anthropology and archaeology. The perspective taken is that the study of anthropology should be inclusive and should be found somewhere along the continuum between the celebration of multiculturalism and the search for human universals. Anthropology is the study of human diversity past and present. Anthropology's subject matter spills out into other areas of inquiry, such as evolutionary biology, history, psychology and sociology.
Anthro.Net queries a database of over 40,000 pages from reviewed web sites with anthropological content built by users' interests. The system collects the search terms submitted by its users and uses proprietary software to hunt down internet based journal articles, well developed topical sites and bibliographic references for anthropology, archaeology and the other social sciences. Anthro.Net uses a spider or robot program to check for outdated and dead links. The site contains dynamically generated news and anthropology features updated around the clock.
Antiquity of Man - In existence since July 1999, the site has quickly grown to fill the role of a comprehensive academic website covering the range of palaeoanthropology and archaeology. Presented here are summaries of current academic thinking, research projects and debates. The number of archaeological research avenues, both past and present, are enormous.
Center for World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) - The Underlying Principle Guiding CWIS is: Access to knowledge and peoples' ideas reduces the possibility of conflict and increases the possibility of cooperation on the basis of mutual consent. By democratizing relations between peoples, between nations and states, the diversity of nations and their cultures will continue to enrich the world. CWIS Virtual Library
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Archaeology
Anasazi Heritage Center - The Anasazi Heritage Center (AHC) is an archaeological museum operated by the Bureau of Land Management&emdash; a federal agency which manages and protects public land resources. The AHC displays and preserves artifacts and records from excavations on public lands in the Four Corners area, one of the richest archaeological regions in the United States.Archaeology Magazine - An Official Publication of the Archaeological Institute of America.
International Institute of Astroarchaeology - The International Institute of Astroarchaeology is a new organisation being formed to research and promote awareness of the astronomical features of Irish megalithic monuments dating from the sixth to the third millennium BCE.
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Astronomy and Astrophysics (The Big Picture)
Coming Soon....
Data and Reference Material
Common Dreams News Center - It's been said that dreams are our roadmaps to the future. If so, where are we headed? Common Dreams is a national non-profit citizens' organization working to bring progressive Americans together to promote progressive visions for America's future. Founded in 1997, we are committed to being on the cutting-edge of using the internet as a political organizing tool - and creating new models for internet activism..
Ecology
Biodiversity and Conservation - The origin, nature and value of biological diversity, the threats to its continued existence, and approaches to preserving what is left.Native Americans and the Environment - Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings.
Permaculture.org.au - Permaculture (permanent agriculture) is the harmonious integration of landscape and people providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and non-material needs in a sustainable way. It is also the conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity, stability and resilience of natural ecosystems.
The Permaculture Research Institute (PRI), headed by Geoff Lawton, is a non-profit organisation involved in global networking and practical training of environmental activists. It offers solutions to local and global ecological problems, and has an innovative farm design in progress. The Institute is also involved in design and consultancy work, and actively supports several aid projects around the world.
The Virtual Library of Ecology and Biodiversity - The Virtual Library of Ecology and Biodiversity division of The Virtual Library Project specializes in reviewing internet information sources pertaining to ecology and biodiversity based on their educational value.
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Evolution
Aquatic Ape Theory, TheTalk, The (Evolution vs. Creation) - Talk.origins is a Usenet newsgroup devoted to the discussion and debate of biological and physical origins. Most discussions in the newsgroup center on the creation/evolution controversy, but other topics of discussion include the origin of life, geology, biology, catastrophism, cosmology and theology.
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History (From the formation of the solar system to the present)
Environmental History Timeline - Long before Silent Spring, centuries before Greenpeace activists defied whalers' harpoons, many thousands of "green crusaders" tried to stop pollution, promote public health and preserve wilderness. The forgotten history of the environment comes as a surprise to many people, but the facts have been there all along, in manuscripts, publications and historical archives. Researchers have learned to look under labels like public health, conservation, preservation of nature, smoke abatement, municipal housekeeping, occupational disease, air pollution and water pollution. And so the modern "environmental" debate has roots in longstanding concerns with somewhat different labels.United States Holocaust Museum - The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were "life unworthy of life." During the era of the Holocaust, the Nazis also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the handicapped, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals.
World History Chronology (anthropocentric)
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Human Impact on the Environment
TowerKill.com - People began documenting bird kills at tall communications towers in North America during the late 1940s - such towers were then being constructed on the continent to broadcast the emerging television medium. Thousands of migrant songbirds killed in a night at a single 1000 foot high television tower was news to ornithologists. Though birdkills at lighthouses had been noted for centuries, it is unlikely that anyone anticipated the staggering number of songbirds that would be killed at tall TV towers which were lighted at night for aviation safety. Like the lighthouses, on foggy or low cloud ceiling nights, migrating birds appeared to become attracted to the lights of the towers and mill about them for lack of stronger navigational cues. The large mortality at these towers was chiefly attributed to collisions with the many relatively invisible guy wires used to support the towers. Though seen as tragic, these large kills appeared to be relatively rare, and there is not much evidence that anyone thought songbirds were declining - they seemed abundant. Nonetheless, the kills were appalling to bird lovers and towerkill studies began at a number of tall towers across the continent. Most ornithologists and a small portion of the public became aware of the periodic bird kills. In the 1960s and 1970s, the shock over songbird towerkills appears to have begun transformation into mostly an attitude of acceptance, and the notion of salvaging kills for scientific study may have diffused concern over the matter. For whatever reason, a decline in the number of towerkill studies and attention to the issue occurred during the 1980s and 1990s. Indeed, there are only a few studies on the continent that have been ongoing for more than twenty years, and there are only a handful of studies which have attempted to understand the mechanism of the towerkills..
Human Psychology
The Vaults of Erowid - Erowid.org is an online library of information about psychoactive plants and chemicals and related topics. The information on the site is a compilation of the experiences, words, and efforts of hundreds of individuals including users, parents, health professionals, doctors, therapists, chemists, researchers, teachers, and lawyers. Erowid acts as a publisher of new information as well as a library for the collection of documents published elsewhere. The information found on the site spans the spectrum from solid peer reviewed research to fanciful creative writing..
Population
Human Population Growth - Worries about human population growth are not new. Exactly 200 years ago (1798) Thomas Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population. In this book he pointed out that the human population tends to grow geometrically, while the resources available to support it tend to grow arithmetically. Under these conditions the population must inevitably outgrow the supply of food that is available to fulfill its needs. He postulated that population growth was already outpacing the production of food supplies in 18th-century England. He predicted that population growth would lead to degradation of the land, and eventually massive famine, disease and war. Malthus presented his theory in response to optimists of his day who thought that mankind's ability to master the environment was limitless. Improvements in agriculture and the industrial revolution postponed the disaster that Malthus thought was imminent. But his ideas are even more applicable today.Human Population Numbers as a Function of Food Supply - Human population growth has typically been seen as the primary causative factor of other ecologically destructive phenomena. Current human disease epidemics are explored as a function of population size. That human population growth is itself a phenomenon with clearly identifiable ecological/biological causes has been overlooked. Here, human population growth is discussed as being subject to the same dynamic processes as the population growth of other species. Contrary to the widely held belief that food production must be increased to feed the growing population, experimental and correlational data indicate that human population growth varies as a function of food availability. By increasing food production for humans, at the expense of other species, the biologically determined effect has been, and continues to be, an increase in the human population. Understanding the relationship between food increases and population increases is proposed as a necessary first step in addressing this global problem. Resistance to this perspective is briefly discussed in terms of cultural bias in science.
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Quantum Theory (The Little Picture)
Deep Spirit - Philosopher and author Christian de Quincey explores how mind and matter are related, and he proposes a radical and surprising answer: Consciousness goes all the way down! Not only do animals have minds or souls, but so do plants, even single cells like bacteria . . . all the way down the "great chain of being" as far as molecules, atoms, and beyond..
Science, General
Land of No Horizon, The (Inner Earth Theory) - The Land of No Horizon book and website uses ground breaking evidence to logicaly shake the foundations of many accepted scientific theories. These concern the interior of our planet and its effects on evolution and the origins of humanity. The conclusions presented will change the Earth for all time.Science Week (Archives) - The ScienceWeek Archive contains thousands of reports from back issues. (Please note: Many texts are available only to subscribers, and although listed by a search, will require an ID/password for access.)
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Science Magazines
National Geographic.
Systems and Complexity
Prehistoric Chaos - A speculative paper on the potential of Complexity Theory for the conceptual study of Palaeolithic Archaeology. This paper is based on a seminar given in November 1991 at the University of Oslo. A lot has happened in the field of Complexity since then. Consequently this paper will be updated with new text and graphics as time allows.